{"id":2190,"date":"2021-08-19T18:17:32","date_gmt":"2021-08-19T16:17:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/?p=2190"},"modified":"2024-12-11T14:56:48","modified_gmt":"2024-12-11T13:56:48","slug":"kolik-na-svete-jazyku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/kolik-na-svete-jazyku\/","title":{"rendered":"Kolik je na sv\u011bt\u011b jazyk\u016f v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Zaj\u00edmalo v\u00e1s n\u011bkdy, kolika jazyky se na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011bkouli mluv\u00ed?<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Seznam:<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f1fb403bc18\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" style='display:none' id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f1fb403bc18\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/kolik-na-svete-jazyku\/#Pocet_jazyku_na_svete\" >Po\u010det jazyk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/kolik-na-svete-jazyku\/#Kolik_je_na_svete_zivych_jazyku\" >Kolik je na sv\u011bt\u011b \u017eiv\u00fdch jazyk\u016f?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/kolik-na-svete-jazyku\/#Jake_jsou_odhady\" >Jak\u00e9 jsou odhady?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/kolik-na-svete-jazyku\/#Neexistujici_staty_s_zivou_reci\" >Neexistuj\u00edc\u00ed st\u00e1ty s \u017eivou \u0159e\u010d\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/kolik-na-svete-jazyku\/#Kolik_je_na_svete_jazyku\" >Kolik je na sv\u011bt\u011b jazyk\u016f?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/kolik-na-svete-jazyku\/#Kolik_je_na_svete_dialektu\" >Kolik je na sv\u011bt\u011b dialekt\u016f?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/kolik-na-svete-jazyku\/#Kolika_jazyky_se_v_Cine_mluvi\" >Kolika jazyky se v \u010c\u00edn\u011b mluv\u00ed?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/kolik-na-svete-jazyku\/#Kolik_jazyku_existuje_v_Cine\" >Kolik jazyk\u016f existuje v \u010c\u00edn\u011b?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/kolik-na-svete-jazyku\/#Kolik_je_na_svete_neznamych_jazyku\" >Kolik je na sv\u011bt\u011b nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch jazyk\u016f?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/kolik-na-svete-jazyku\/#Domorode_kmeny_ve_21_stoleti\" >Domorod\u00e9 kmeny ve 21. stolet\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/kolik-na-svete-jazyku\/#Kolika_jazyky_se_mluvi_v_Americe\" >Kolika jazyky se mluv\u00ed v Americe?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/kolik-na-svete-jazyku\/#Kolik_je_jazyku_na_svete\" >Kolik je jazyk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>Kdybyste m\u011bli h\u00e1dat, \u0159ekli byste&#8230; 100? 200? To by byl odhad v\u011bt\u0161iny lid\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti, kdy\u017e jsou lid\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1ni, aby vyjmenovali, kolik je na sv\u011bt\u011b jazyk\u016f, pr\u016fm\u011br se pohybuje pouze kolem deseti. Je to proto, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed je psychologicky p\u0159edur\u010dena k tomu, aby znala jen ty nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 nebo jazyky ve sv\u00e9m okol\u00ed. Kolik je spisovn\u00fdch \u0159e\u010d\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b to je je\u0161t\u011b \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e1, dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka.<\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-section\">\n<h3>FAQ:<\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"question1\">Kolik je jazyk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer1\">Podle lingvistick\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f se dnes po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b mluv\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 7000 jazyky. Tato obrovsk\u00e1 jazykov\u00e1 rozmanitost odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed bohat\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed lidstva.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question2\">Kolik je ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch jazyk\u016f EU?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer2\">V Evropsk\u00e9 unii je 24 \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edch jazyk\u016f. EU zahrnuje \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed jazyky v\u0161ech 27 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00fdmi jsou nap\u0159.: n\u011bm\u010dina, francouz\u0161tina, ital\u0161tina, \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tina a \u010de\u0161tina.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question3\">Kter\u00fd jazyk je nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u010de\u0161tin\u011b?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer3\">Sloven\u0161tina je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jazyk nejbl\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd \u010de\u0161tin\u011b. Oba jazyky jsou si natolik podobn\u00e9, \u017ee jsou vesm\u011bs vz\u00e1jemn\u011b srozumiteln\u00e9, m\u016f\u017eeme konstatovat, \u017ee \u010ce\u0161i a Slov\u00e1ci si navz\u00e1jem rozum\u00ed.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question4\">Jak\u00e9 jsou sv\u011btov\u00e9 jazyky?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer4\">Mezi hlavn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 jazyky pat\u0159\u00ed mandar\u00ednsk\u00e1 \u010d\u00edn\u0161tina, \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tina, angli\u010dtina, hind\u0161tina, arab\u0161tina, beng\u00e1l\u0161tina, ru\u0161tina, portugal\u0161tina, japon\u0161tina a pand\u017e\u00e1b\u0161tina. Tyto jazyky pat\u0159\u00ed mezi celosv\u011btov\u011b nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jazyky, pokud jde o po\u010det rodil\u00fdch mluv\u010d\u00edch i po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed mluv\u00ed dan\u00fdm jazykem na stejn\u00e9 \u00farovni, jako je rodn\u00fd jazyk.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question5\">Kolik jazyk\u016f je na sv\u011bt\u011b?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer5\">Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, lingvist\u00e9 odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee celosv\u011btov\u011b se mluv\u00ed asi 7 000 jazyky. Toto \u010d\u00edslo odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou jazykovou rozmanitost lidsk\u00e9 civilizace nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d r\u016fzn\u00fdmi regiony a kulturami.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pocet_jazyku_na_svete\"><\/span><strong>Po\u010det jazyk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2496\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many1.png\" alt=\"mapa s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed po cel\u00e9 map\u011b sv\u011bta\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many1.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many1-980x613.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many1-480x300.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Jazyky v USA. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech se nej\u010dast\u011bji u\u010d\u00ed angli\u010dtina, \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tina, \u010d\u00edn\u0161tina a francouz\u0161tina, ve vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fdch kurzech se pak nab\u00edz\u00ed n\u011bm\u010dina, ru\u0161tina a ital\u0161tina. Ostatn\u00ed jazyky jsou prakticky nezn\u00e1m\u00e9, p\u0159esto\u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti se v USA mluv\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 350 r\u016fzn\u00fdmi, v\u010detn\u011b filip\u00ednsk\u00e9ho jazyka Tagalog, kter\u00fd je v USA roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e francouz\u0161tina.<\/p>\n<p>Ne\u010dekejte ale, \u017ee tento dotaz: &#8222;Co je to Tagalog?&#8220; odpov\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd Ameri\u010dan. Nejsp\u00ed\u0161e bychom se do\u010dkali pon\u011bkud zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch a neobvykl\u00fdch odpov\u011bd\u00ed, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed o n\u011bm nikdy v\u016fbec nesly\u0161ela.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolik_je_na_svete_zivych_jazyku\"><\/span><strong>Kolik je na sv\u011bt\u011b \u017eiv\u00fdch jazyk\u016f?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many2.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2497\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many2.png\" alt=\"skupina lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se mezi sebou r\u016fzn\u00fdmi jazyky\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many2.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many2-980x613.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many2-480x300.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jake_jsou_odhady\"><\/span><strong>Jak\u00e9 jsou odhady?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mohou po\u010d\u00edtat jazyky podle po\u010dtu zem\u00ed. Ale to je o\u0161idn\u00e9. Existuj\u00ed zem\u011b s v\u00edce ne\u017e jedn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm jazykem. Pod\u00edvejte se t\u0159eba na \u0160pan\u011blsko. Kdy\u017e sly\u0161\u00edte \u0160pan\u011blsko, vybav\u00ed se v\u00e1m \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tina. Ale \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tina je jen jedn\u00edm z jazyk\u016f, kter\u00fdmi se ve \u0160pan\u011blsku mluv\u00ed. Nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed turistick\u00e1 destinace Barcelona je hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem autonomn\u00ed oblasti Katal\u00e1nsko a \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm jazykem Katal\u00e1nska je katal\u00e1n\u0161tina &#8211; a ta m\u00e1 bl\u00ed\u017ee k francouz\u0161tin\u011b nebo ital\u0161tin\u011b ne\u017e ke \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>obchod ur\u010dit\u011b p\u0159eregistrovat m\u016f\u017eeme, jen je pot\u0159eba nov\u00fd email registrovat na Heureka.cz jako u\u017eivatele.<\/p>\n<p>Ob\u010dan\u00e9 \u0160pan\u011blska hovo\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 baski\u010dtinou nebo galicij\u0161tinou. Tak\u017ee kdy\u017e se jich zept\u00e1te: <strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1ntas lenguas hay en el mundo? <\/strong>Dostanete odpov\u011b\u010f, \u017ee se \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tinou lze komunikovat po cel\u00e9m gl\u00f3bu.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neexistujici_staty_s_zivou_reci\"><\/span>Neexistuj\u00edc\u00ed st\u00e1ty s \u017eivou \u0159e\u010d\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Po\u010d\u00edtat jazyky podle zem\u00ed, n\u00e1rod\u016f nebo vlajek nen\u00ed rozhodn\u011b ide\u00e1ln\u00ed cesta, proto\u017ee existuj\u00ed n\u00e1rody bez st\u00e1t\u016f, jako jsou Kurdov\u00e9 nebo Tibe\u0165an\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed jazyky.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolik_je_na_svete_jazyku\"><\/span><strong>Kolik je na sv\u011bt\u011b jazyk\u016f?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Na tuto ot\u00e1zku odpov\u011bd\u011bla i organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje <strong>193 zem\u00ed<\/strong> a po p\u0159ipo\u010dten\u00ed sporn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed a autonomn\u00edch oblast\u00ed by na sv\u011bt\u011b existovalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b <strong>200 jazyk\u016f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Podle hrub\u00fdch odhad\u016f a hlavn\u011b podle jazykov\u00fdch expert\u016f a lingvist\u016f se po\u010det jazyk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b <strong>7 000<\/strong>, i kdy\u017e to nelze s jistotou v\u011bdecky ur\u010dit. Je to mo\u017en\u00e1 proto, \u017ee jazyk je ur\u010den kulturou, a ne pouze a jenom n\u00e1rodnost\u00ed. Kultura je z definice dynamick\u00e1 a neust\u00e1le se vyv\u00edj\u00ed a nelze ji zcela p\u0159esn\u011b m\u011b\u0159it na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 statick\u00e9 \u00farovni.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolik_je_na_svete_dialektu\"><\/span><strong>Kolik je na sv\u011bt\u011b dialekt\u016f?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many3.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2498\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many3.png\" alt=\"obr\u00e1zek s etnickou grafikou\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many3.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many3-980x613.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many3-480x300.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>To je obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka. Existuj\u00ed dialekty, kter\u00e9 n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pova\u017euj\u00ed za samostatn\u00e9 jazyky. Pod\u00edvejte se na balk\u00e1nsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 b\u00fdval\u00e9 Jugosl\u00e1vie mluvili tzv. srbochorvat\u0161tinou. Geopolitick\u00e1 situace se v\u0161ak zm\u011bnila a to, co se d\u0159\u00edve naz\u00fdvalo dialektem, je nyn\u00ed jazykem. M\u00edsto jednoho jazyka se mluv\u00ed bosensky, srbsky, chorvatsky a \u010dernohorsky &#8211; i kdy\u017e jsou si v\u0161echny vz\u00e1jemn\u011b srozumiteln\u00e9. N\u011bkter\u00e9 jazyky mohou b\u00fdt kv\u016fli diskrimina\u010dn\u00ed politice degradov\u00e1ny na dialekty. N\u011bkter\u00e1 n\u00e1\u0159e\u010d\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt pov\u00fd\u0161ena na jazyky, aby se uk\u00e1zala n\u00e1rodn\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost. Na tuto ot\u00e1zku tedy nelze odpov\u011bd\u011bt jednodu\u0161e.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolika_jazyky_se_v_Cine_mluvi\"><\/span><strong>Kolika jazyky se v \u010c\u00edn\u011b mluv\u00ed?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many4.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2499\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many4.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many4-980x613.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many4-480x300.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Jak\u00e9 jsou v\u0161echny asijsk\u00e9 jazyky?<\/p>\n<p>Op\u011bt nelehk\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka ohledn\u011b jazyk\u016f v Asii. Co je t\u0159eba pova\u017eovat za za n\u00e1\u0159e\u010d\u00ed a co za jazyky v asii? V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed zn\u00e1 mandar\u00edn\u0161tinu jako dialekt \u010d\u00edn\u0161tiny. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed je dokonce pova\u017euj\u00ed za zam\u011bniteln\u00e9. Je to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b proto, \u017ee j\u00ed mluv\u00ed zhruba 71 % obyvatel a cizinci se ji u\u010d\u00ed v jazykov\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Mandar\u00edn\u0161tina je v\u0161ak ve skute\u010dnosti konglomer\u00e1tn\u00edm jazykem, kter\u00fd v sob\u011b spojuje v\u00edce dialekt\u016f z r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolik_jazyku_existuje_v_Cine\"><\/span><strong>Kolik jazyk\u016f existuje v \u010c\u00edn\u011b?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti existuj\u00ed stovky \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch jazyk\u016f, jejich po\u010det m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout a\u017e 300. Je to ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed, pokud se vr\u00e1t\u00edme k na\u0161emu prvn\u00edmu odhadu po\u010dtu jazyk\u016f, kter\u00fdmi se mluv\u00ed na cel\u00e9m gl\u00f3bu!<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolik_je_na_svete_neznamych_jazyku\"><\/span><strong>Kolik je na sv\u011bt\u011b nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch jazyk\u016f?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many5.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2500\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many5.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many5-980x613.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many5-480x300.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou p\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu jazyk\u016f, kter\u00fdmi se na sv\u011bt\u011b opravdu mluv\u00ed, je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 oblasti jsou st\u00e1le neprob\u00e1dan\u00e9, alespo\u0148 z antro lingvistick\u00e9ho hlediska. Mnoz\u00ed badatel\u00e9 se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b existuje nejm\u00e9n\u011b 100 zn\u00e1m\u00fdch komunitn\u00edch shluk\u016f ve zcela izolovan\u00fdch oblastech, daleko od spole\u010dnosti a modern\u00edho sv\u011bta. Jejich jazyky a kultury jsou relativn\u011b nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 a n\u00e1rody, kter\u00e9 je ukr\u00fdvaj\u00ed, je chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Domorode_kmeny_ve_21_stoleti\"><\/span>Domorod\u00e9 kmeny ve 21. stolet\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Domorod\u00e9 kmeny lze nal\u00e9zt na Papui-Nov\u00e9 Guineji nebo na Andamansk\u00fdch ostrovech pat\u0159\u00edc\u00edch Indii. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee s nimi \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd badatel nikdy nenav\u00e1zal kontakt, jejich jazyky jsou st\u00e1le nezn\u00e1m\u00e9, a proto je je\u0161t\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ur\u010dit celkov\u00fd po\u010det jazyk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. Jsou to sice ojedin\u011bl\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady ale je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 se o nich zm\u00ednit.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolika_jazyky_se_mluvi_v_Americe\"><\/span><strong>Kolika jazyky se mluv\u00ed v Americe?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many6.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2501\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many6.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many6-980x613.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many6-480x300.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech st\u00e1le existuje 574 indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch kmenov\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Ty jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bny 326 rezervacemi, kter\u00e9 jsou ve vlastnictv\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel Ameriky. Z 300 domorod\u00fdch jazyk\u016f, kter\u00fdmi se kdysi hovo\u0159ilo, se dnes zachovalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jen 175 indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch jazyk\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee aktivn\u011b se jimi st\u00e1le hovo\u0159\u00ed jen asi v des\u00edtce p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee mnoho indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch kmen\u016f pova\u017euje sv\u016fj jazyk za posv\u00e1tnou v\u00fdsadu vyhrazenou pouze pro \u010dleny a cizinci se je \u010dasto u\u010d\u00ed pouze prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm s\u0148atku a posv\u00e1tn\u00e9ho ob\u0159adu. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je i znalost toho, kolik indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch kmenov\u00fdch jazyk\u016f dnes existuje, st\u00e1le zahalena tajemstv\u00edm &#8211; stejn\u011b jako celkov\u00fd po\u010det jazyk\u016f, kter\u00fdmi se v Americe mluv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolik_je_jazyku_na_svete\"><\/span><strong>Kolik je jazyk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many7.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2502\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many7.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many7-980x613.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/many7-480x300.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b globalizace, masov\u00e9 migrace a rostouc\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomiky se \u017eiv\u00e9 jazyky m\u011bn\u00ed. Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f dnes v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace tvo\u0159\u00ed pouh\u00fdch 23 jazyk\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 % v\u0161ech sv\u011btov\u00fdch jazyk\u016f je v dohledn\u00e9 dob\u011b odsouzeno k z\u00e1niku. To by v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bnilo po\u010det jazyk\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. I p\u0159esto v\u0161ak s vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm kultur a z\u00e1nikem jazyk\u016f vznikaj\u00ed na jejich m\u00edst\u011b n\u011bkter\u00e9 nov\u00e9. Sv\u011bt jazyk\u016f je evolu\u010dn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 existence a glob\u00e1ln\u00edm tavic\u00edm kotlem, jeho\u017e v\u00fdsledek ani kone\u010dnou podobu nezn\u00e1me. Proto kdy\u017e si polo\u017e\u00edme ot\u00e1zku: &#8222;Kolik je na sv\u011bt\u011b jazyk\u016f?&#8220;, m\u016f\u017eeme ji p\u0159irovnat pouze k zrnk\u016fm p\u00edsku v oce\u00e1nu a doj\u00edt k z\u00e1v\u011bru: &#8222;Dost&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee neexistuje p\u0159\u00edstroj, kter\u00fd by v\u00e1m umo\u017enil mluvit v\u0161emi jazyky sv\u011bta, p\u0159ekl\u00e1dac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Vasco odv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed skv\u011blou pr\u00e1ci a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed mluvit v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 z nich &#8211; mrknut\u00edm oka nebo lusknut\u00edm prstu.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin-top: 40px; border-top: solid lightgray 1px; padding-top: 10px;\"><strong>Ve zkratce:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Po\u010det jazyk\u016f, kter\u00fdmi se na sv\u011bt\u011b mluv\u00ed, se odhaduje na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 7 000. Tento odhad je zalo\u017een na po\u010dtu kultur a na skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee jazyk je ur\u010dov\u00e1n kulturou. Po\u010det dialekt\u016f, kter\u00fdmi se ve sv\u011bt\u011b mluv\u00ed, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit, proto\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 dialekty jsou n\u011bkter\u00fdmi pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za odd\u011blen\u00e9 jazyky a n\u011bkter\u00e9 jazyky jsou kv\u016fli politice diskriminace degradov\u00e1ny na dialekty. Po\u010det jazyk\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v \u010c\u00edn\u011b se odhaduje na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 300. Po\u010det jazyk\u016f, kter\u00fdmi se mluv\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, se odhaduje na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 574. Po\u010det jazyk\u016f, kter\u00fdmi se mluv\u00ed v Americe, se odhaduje na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 175. Po\u010det jazyk\u016f, kter\u00fdmi se nej\u010dast\u011bji mluv\u00ed v dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b se odhaduje na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 23.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Po\u0159ad\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>Jazyk<\/th>\n<th>Rodil\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>Celkov\u00fd po\u010det mluv\u010d\u00edch<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>Angli\u010dtina<\/td>\n<td>370 milion\u016f<\/td>\n<td>1,5 miliardy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>Mandarinsk\u00e1 \u010d\u00edn\u0161tina<\/td>\n<td>920 milion\u016f<\/td>\n<td>1,1 miliardy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>hind\u0161tina<\/td>\n<td>340 milion\u016f<\/td>\n<td>600 milion\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tina<\/td>\n<td>460 milion\u016f<\/td>\n<td>540 milion\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>arab\u0161tina<\/td>\n<td>310 milion\u016f<\/td>\n<td>420 milion\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zaj\u00edmalo v\u00e1s n\u011bkdy, kolika jazyky se na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011bkouli mluv\u00ed? Kdybyste m\u011bli h\u00e1dat, \u0159ekli byste&#8230; 100? 200? To by byl odhad v\u011bt\u0161iny lid\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti, kdy\u017e jsou lid\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1ni, aby vyjmenovali, kolik je na sv\u011bt\u011b jazyk\u016f, pr\u016fm\u011br se pohybuje pouze kolem deseti. Je to proto, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed je psychologicky p\u0159edur\u010dena k tomu, aby znala jen [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2495,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[139],"class_list":["post-2190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jazyky","tag-r-faber"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2190"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2190\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8273,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2190\/revisions\/8273"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2495"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}