{"id":17279,"date":"2026-01-05T16:49:03","date_gmt":"2026-01-05T15:49:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/?p=17279"},"modified":"2026-01-22T09:00:58","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T08:00:58","slug":"dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak \u0159\u00edct &#8222;d\u011bkuji&#8220; v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch: Kompletn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Je na tom n\u011bco magick\u00e9ho, kdy\u017e vyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed\u0161 vd\u011b\u010dnost v rodn\u00e9m jazyce druh\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto m\u016f\u017ee dnes znalost toho, jak \u0159\u00edct \u201e<strong>d\u011bkuji<\/strong>\u201c, prom\u011bnit oby\u010dejnou v\u00fdm\u011bnu slov v smyslupln\u00fd okam\u017eik lidsk\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Seznam:<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a334edfb6c5c\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" style='display:none' id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a334edfb6c5c\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Proc_je_dulezite_naucit_se_rikat_%E2%80%9Edekuji%E2%80%9C_v_nekolika_jazycich\" >Pro\u010d je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nau\u010dit se \u0159\u00edkat \u201ed\u011bkuji\u201c v n\u011bkolika jazyc\u00edch<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Budovani_mostu_prostrednictvim_vdecnosti\" >Budov\u00e1n\u00ed most\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vd\u011b\u010dnosti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Tajna_zbran_cestovatele\" >Tajn\u00e1 zbra\u0148 cestovatele<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Profesni_a_spolecenske_vyhody\" >Profesn\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00e9 v\u00fdhody<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Zaklady_pro_vyuku_jazyku\" >Z\u00e1klady pro v\u00fduku jazyk\u016f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Dekuji_v_popularnich_evropskych_jazycich\" >D\u011bkuji v popul\u00e1rn\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Dekuji_ve_spanelstine_%E2%80%9EGracias%E2%80%9C\" >D\u011bkuji ve \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b: \u201eGracias\u201c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Jak_rict_dekuji_v_nemcine\" >Jak \u0159\u00edct d\u011bkuji v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Jak_se_rekne_italsky_dekuji_%E2%80%9EGrazie%E2%80%9C\" >Jak se \u0159ekne italsky d\u011bkuji : \u201eGrazie\u201c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Jak_se_rekne_recky_dekuji_%E2%80%9E%CE%95%CF%85%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8E%E2%80%9C_Efcharisto\" >Jak se \u0159ekne \u0159ecky d\u011bkuji: \u201e\u0395\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u201c (Efcharist\u00f3)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Dekuji_v_holandstine_%E2%80%9EDank_je%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%9EDank_u%E2%80%9D\" >D\u011bkuji v holand\u0161tin\u011b: \u201eDank je\u201d \/ \u201eDank u\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Dekuji_ve_slovinstine_%E2%80%9EHvala%E2%80%9D\" >D\u011bkuji ve slovin\u0161tin\u011b: \u201eHvala\u201d<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Dekuji_v_asijskych_jazycich\" >D\u011bkuji v asijsk\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Dekuji_v_japonstine_%E2%80%9E%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A8%E3%81%86%E2%80%9D_Arigatou\" >D\u011bkuji v japon\u0161tin\u011b: \u201e\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u201d (Arigatou)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Jak_se_rekne_cinsky_dekuji_%E2%80%9E%E8%B0%A2%E8%B0%A2%E2%80%9D_Xiexie\" >Jak se \u0159ekne \u010d\u00ednsky d\u011bkuji: \u201e\u8c22\u8c22\u201d (Xi\u00e8xie)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Dekuji_v_indonestine_%E2%80%9ETerima_kasih%E2%80%9D\" >D\u011bkuji v indon\u00e9\u0161tin\u011b: \u201eTerima kasih\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Dekuji_v_turectine_%E2%80%9ETesekkur_ederim%E2%80%9D\" >D\u011bkuji v ture\u010dtin\u011b: \u201eTe\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim\u201d<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Blizky_vychod\" >Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Dekuji_v_arabstine_%E2%80%9E%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B%E2%80%9D_Shukran\" >D\u011bkuji v arab\u0161tin\u011b: \u201e\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b\u201d (Shukran)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Dekuji_ve_znakove_reci\" >D\u011bkuji ve znakov\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Rychly_prehled_Podekovani_v_ruznych_jazycich\" >Rychl\u00fd p\u0159ehled: Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Dalsi_bezne_jazyky\" >Dal\u0161\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 jazyky:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/dekuji-v-ruznych-jazycich\/#Zaver\" >Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>\u201e<strong>D\u011bkuji<\/strong>\u201c je \u010dasto jednou z prvn\u00edch fr\u00e1z\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se cestovatel\u00e9 u\u010d\u00ed \u2013 a to z dobr\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu. Je kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, v\u0161eobecn\u011b oce\u0148ovan\u00e1 a neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b siln\u00e1. Toto jednoduch\u00e9 slovo (nebo jeho ekvivalenty v jin\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch) m\u016f\u017ee otev\u0159\u00edt dve\u0159e, vyvolat \u00fasm\u011bvy a projevit respekt ke kultu\u0159e, kterou pozn\u00e1v\u00e1te. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 zem\u011b m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnosti a nau\u010dit se \u0159\u00edkat \u201ed\u011bkuji\u201c v m\u00edstn\u00edm jazyce je projevem respektu a kulturn\u00edho pov\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t, \u017ee nau\u010dit se \u0159\u00edkat<strong> d\u011bkuji v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch<\/strong> je jen mal\u00e9 gesto, vyjad\u0159uje to n\u011bco hlubok\u00e9ho: \u017ee v\u00e1m z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed natolik, abyste vy\u0161li lidem vst\u0159\u00edc, respektovali jejich jazykov\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed a ocenili jejich laskavost zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd je jim bl\u00edzk\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Vd\u011b\u010dnost v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jen o slovech. <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd jazyk m\u00e1 svou vlastn\u00ed kulturn\u00ed v\u00e1hu<\/a>, v\u00fdslovnostn\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti a kontextov\u00e9 nuance. Zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm vyjad\u0159ujete pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed v japon\u0161tin\u011b, zahrnuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b form\u00e1lnosti, kter\u00e9 v angli\u010dtin\u011b neexistuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160pan\u011blsky hovo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe a \u0160pan\u011blsku pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed variace, kter\u00e9 byste m\u011bli zn\u00e1t. A pokud jste se n\u011bkdy zaj\u00edmali o <strong>pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed ve znakov\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di<\/strong>, zjist\u00edte, \u017ee se vyjad\u0159uje kr\u00e1sn\u00fdm gestem, kter\u00e9 zcela p\u0159esahuje mluven\u00e1 slova.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto komplexn\u00edm pr\u016fvodci se nau\u010d\u00edte,<strong> jak se \u0159ekne d\u011bkuji v mnoha jazyc\u00edch<\/strong> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/\">od \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch jazyk\u016f<\/a>, jako je \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tina, \u010d\u00edn\u0161tina a japon\u0161tina, a\u017e po jazyky jako slovin\u0161tina, indon\u00e9\u0161tina a \u0159e\u010dtina. Uvedeme p\u0159\u00edklady, jak pod\u011bkovat za pivo, v\u00edno, v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch a m\u00edstn\u00edch jazyc\u00edch, a zd\u016frazn\u00edme jedine\u010dn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak\u00fdmi se vd\u011b\u010dnost vyjad\u0159uje po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Budeme se zab\u00fdvat praktick\u00fdmi tipy pro v\u00fdslovnost, kulturn\u00edm kontextem, kter\u00fd p\u0159esahuje pouh\u00fd p\u0159eklad, a jemn\u00fdmi rozd\u00edly mezi form\u00e1ln\u00edmi a neform\u00e1ln\u00edmi vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edmi vd\u011b\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Najdete zde zp\u016fsoby, jak pod\u011bkovat v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch pro ka\u017edou situaci, a\u0165 u\u017e cestujete do zahrani\u010d\u00ed, pracujete v multikulturn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed nebo prost\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159ujete sv\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 obzory.<\/p>\n<p>Pe\u010dliv\u011b jsme vybrali jazyky na z\u00e1klad\u011b jejich glob\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdznamu, po\u010dtu mluv\u00edc\u00edch a relevance pro anglicky mluv\u00edc\u00ed. Z\u00edsk\u00e1te podrobn\u00fd p\u0159ehled o:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>d\u011bkuji v japon\u0161tin\u011b,<\/li>\n<li>d\u011bkuji ve \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b,<\/li>\n<li>d\u011bkuji v \u010d\u00edn\u0161tin\u011b,<\/li>\n<li>d\u011bkuji v ital\u0161tin\u011b,<\/li>\n<li>jak \u0159\u00edct d\u011bkuji v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edho.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Prozkoum\u00e1me tak\u00e9 pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed v indon\u00e9\u0161tin\u011b, ture\u010dtin\u011b, \u0159e\u010dtin\u011b, arab\u0161tin\u011b, slovin\u0161tin\u011b a dal\u0161\u00edch d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch, jako je portugal\u0161tina a holand\u0161tina.<\/p>\n<p>Na konci tohoto pr\u016fvodce budete m\u00edt k dispozici praktick\u00fd seznam \u201ed\u011bkuji v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch\u201c, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1vod\u016f k v\u00fdslovnosti a kulturn\u00edch pozn\u00e1mek.<\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-section\">\n<h3>FAQ:<\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"question1\">Jak pod\u011bkovat italsky?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer1\">\u201eGrazie\u201c je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak v ital\u0161tin\u011b pod\u011bkovat.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question2\">Co znamen\u00e1 d\u011bkuji?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer2\">\u201e\u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c je fr\u00e1ze pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnosti.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question3\">Jak se anglicky \u0159ekne d\u011bkuji?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer3\">\u201eThank you\u201c je b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 anglick\u00e1 fr\u00e1ze vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnost.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/20cd85c9-2236-4013-bbdb-2ba720883171.jpeg\" alt=\"Lid\u00e9 si pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed ruce b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho setk\u00e1n\u00ed v m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proc_je_dulezite_naucit_se_rikat_%E2%80%9Edekuji%E2%80%9C_v_nekolika_jazycich\"><\/span>Pro\u010d je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nau\u010dit se \u0159\u00edkat \u201ed\u011bkuji\u201c v n\u011bkolika jazyc\u00edch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nau\u010dit se, jak pod\u011bkovat v jin\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch, je mnohem v\u00edc ne\u017e jen trik na ve\u010d\u00edrku nebo polo\u017eka na seznamu p\u0159\u00edprav na cestu. Je to br\u00e1na k hlub\u0161\u00edmu lidsk\u00e9mu spojen\u00ed a kulturn\u00edmu porozum\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou ne\u010dekan\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem obohatit v\u00e1\u0161 osobn\u00ed i profesn\u00ed \u017eivot. Ahoj, pros\u00edm, dobr\u00fd den, dobr\u00fd ve\u010der, dobrou noc, jmenuji se, to jsou fr\u00e1ze, kter\u00e9 je dobr\u00e9 zn\u00e1t. Av\u0161ak znalost hlavn\u00edho a nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edho zp\u016fsobu, jak pod\u011bkovat v dan\u00e9m jazyce, v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee orientovat se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch situac\u00edch p\u0159i komunikaci s lidmi z jin\u00fdch kultur a zajist\u00ed, \u017ee projev\u00edte n\u00e1le\u017eitou \u00factu a vd\u011b\u010dnost.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Budovani_mostu_prostrednictvim_vdecnosti\"><\/span>Budov\u00e1n\u00ed most\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vd\u011b\u010dnosti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se sna\u017e\u00edte vyj\u00e1d\u0159it vd\u011b\u010dnost v rodn\u00e9m jazyce dan\u00e9 osoby, d\u011bl\u00e1te n\u011bco velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho: uzn\u00e1v\u00e1te jej\u00ed kulturu a projevujete \u00factu k jej\u00ed jazykov\u00e9 identit\u011b. Vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnosti milovan\u00e9 osob\u011b v jej\u00edm rodn\u00e9m jazyce m\u016f\u017ee prohloubit v\u00e1\u0161 vztah a uk\u00e1zat up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e9 ocen\u011bn\u00ed jej\u00edch laskav\u00fdch \u010din\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tento mal\u00fd \u010din vys\u00edl\u00e1 silnou zpr\u00e1vu \u2013 \u017ee je vn\u00edm\u00e1te, \u017ee jejich p\u016fvod je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd a \u017ee jste ochotni vystoupit ze sv\u00e9 komfortn\u00ed z\u00f3ny, abyste se s nimi spojili podle jejich podm\u00ednek.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tajna_zbran_cestovatele\"><\/span>Tajn\u00e1 zbra\u0148 cestovatele<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Zeptejte se jak\u00e9hokoli zku\u0161en\u00e9ho cestovatele na jeho nejpam\u00e1tn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitky ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zm\u00edn\u00ed okam\u017eiky, kdy se jazykov\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry rozplynuly d\u00edky jednoduch\u00fdm gest\u016fm \u00facty.<\/p>\n<p>Znalost slova <strong>\u201ed\u011bkuji\u201c v mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch<\/strong> v\u00e1s prom\u011bn\u00ed z turisty v uctiv\u00e9ho hosta. M\u00edstn\u00ed obchodn\u00edci se rozz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, kdy\u017e jim ve \u0160pan\u011blsku up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b pod\u011bkujete \u201e<strong>gracias<\/strong>\u201c nebo v Indon\u00e9sii \u201e<strong>terima kasih<\/strong>\u201c. \u010c\u00ed\u0161n\u00edci v restaurac\u00edch ocen\u00ed up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e9 \u201e<strong>efcharist\u00f3<\/strong>\u201c v \u0158ecku.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto momenty budov\u00e1n\u00ed jazykov\u00fdch most\u016f \u010dasto vedou k lep\u0161\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m, doporu\u010den\u00edm od m\u00edstn\u00edch a k autentick\u00fdm kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1jezdy s organizovan\u00fdm programem prost\u011b nemohou poskytnout.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Profesni_a_spolecenske_vyhody\"><\/span>Profesn\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00e9 v\u00fdhody<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>V obchodn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnosti v rodn\u00e9m jazyce klienta nebo kolegy ukazuje kulturn\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed a emo\u010dn\u00ed inteligenci \u2013 vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm obchod\u011b velmi cen\u011bn\u00e9. Pou\u017eit\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 fr\u00e1ze v form\u00e1ln\u00edch situac\u00edch tak\u00e9 prokazuje respekt a profesionalitu.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0165 u\u017e uzav\u00edr\u00e1te obchod v Tokiu, spolupracujete s t\u00fdmem v Berl\u00edn\u011b nebo host\u00edte mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed hosty, schopnost \u0159\u00edct \u201e<strong>arigatou gozaimasu<\/strong>\u201c nebo \u201e<strong>danke sch\u00f6n<\/strong>\u201c prokazuje profesionalitu a buduje vztah, kter\u00fd p\u0159ekra\u010duje jazykov\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n<p>Podobn\u011b i v rozmanit\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch doma v\u00e1m znalost zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak \u0159\u00edct d\u011bkuji v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch, pom\u016f\u017ee nav\u00e1zat kontakt se sousedy, pracovn\u00edky ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch a \u010dleny komunity z r\u016fzn\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Je to jednoduch\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak n\u011bkomu zp\u0159\u00edjemnit den a podpo\u0159it inkluzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zaklady_pro_vyuku_jazyku\"><\/span>Z\u00e1klady pro v\u00fduku jazyk\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Snad nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee u\u010den\u00ed <strong><span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\">\u201ed\u011bkuji\u201c v n\u011bkolika jazyc\u00edch<\/span><\/strong> \u010dasto podn\u00edt\u00ed zv\u011bdavost k \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu osvojov\u00e1n\u00ed jazyk\u016f. Tyto jednoduch\u00e9 fr\u00e1ze slou\u017e\u00ed jako vstupn\u00ed br\u00e1na \u2013 jakmile se nau\u010d\u00edte \u201e<strong>xi\u00e8xie<\/strong>\u201c v \u010d\u00edn\u0161tin\u011b nebo \u201e<strong>shukran<\/strong>\u201c v arab\u0161tin\u011b, mo\u017en\u00e1 budete cht\u00edt nau\u010dit se je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edc.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdrazy vd\u011b\u010dnosti jsou zapamatovateln\u00e9, \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 a p\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed okam\u017eit\u00e9 pozitivn\u00ed pos\u00edlen\u00ed, co\u017e z nich \u010din\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro dal\u0161\u00ed jazykov\u00e9 objevov\u00e1n\u00ed. Porozum\u011bn\u00ed slovu <strong><span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\">\u201ed\u011bkuji\u201c v ka\u017ed\u00e9m jazyce,<\/span><\/strong> se kter\u00fdm se setk\u00e1te, nen\u00ed o dosa\u017een\u00ed dokonalosti \u2013 jde o projeven\u00ed ochoty, respektu a otev\u0159enosti v\u016f\u010di kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 rozmanitosti lidsk\u00e9ho vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a32e6811-a100-4d0f-87d5-3c26284d8206.jpeg\" alt=\"\u010c\u00ed\u0161n\u00edk pod\u00e1v\u00e1 k\u00e1vu \u017een\u011b sed\u00edc\u00ed u stolu venkovn\u00ed kav\u00e1rny.\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dekuji_v_popularnich_evropskych_jazycich\"><\/span>D\u011bkuji v popul\u00e1rn\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Jazykov\u00e1 rozmanitost Evropy nab\u00edz\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed mozaiku zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak vyj\u00e1d\u0159it vd\u011b\u010dnost. Od sluncem zalit\u00e9ho St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed po seversk\u00e9 fjordy m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd jazyk sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak pod\u011bkovat, kter\u00fd je formov\u00e1n stalet\u00edmi kultury, historie a spole\u010densk\u00fdch zvyk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat, jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201ed\u011bkuji\u201c v n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a kulturn\u011b nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jazyk\u016f Evropy.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dekuji_ve_spanelstine_%E2%80%9EGracias%E2%80%9C\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\">D\u011bkuji ve \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b<\/span>: \u201eGracias\u201c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161tina, kterou po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b mluv\u00ed p\u0159es 600 milion\u016f lid\u00ed, nab\u00edz\u00ed jeden z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch projev\u016f vd\u011b\u010dnosti: \u201egracias\u201c (GRA-si-jas).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed:<\/strong> Slovo \u201eGracias\u201c funguje prakticky v ka\u017ed\u00e9 situaci \u2014 od neform\u00e1ln\u00ed po form\u00e1ln\u00ed. Jeho jednoduchost je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky, ale \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tina nab\u00edz\u00ed i n\u011bkolik zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak vd\u011b\u010dnost zes\u00edlit:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201eMuchas gracias\u201c (MU-\u010das GRA-si-jas) \u2013 \u201eMoc d\u011bkuji\u201c \/ \u201eD\u011bkuji mnohokr\u00e1t\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201eMuch\u00edsimas gracias\u201c (mu-\u010cI-si-mas GRA-si-jas) \u2013 \u201eStra\u0161n\u011b moc d\u011bkuji\u201c (siln\u00fd d\u016fraz)<\/li>\n<li>\u201eMil gracias\u201c (mil GRA-si-jas) \u2013 doslova \u201etis\u00edcero d\u00edky\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201eTe agradezco\u201c (te a-gra-DE-sko) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji ti \/ v\u00e1\u017e\u00edm si toho\u201c (osobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, neform\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>\u201eLe agradezco\u201c (le a-gra-DE-sko) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji v\u00e1m\u201c (form\u00e1ln\u00ed verze)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Region\u00e1ln\u00ed variace<\/strong>: A\u010dkoli slovo \u201egracias\u201c je ve \u0161pan\u011blsky mluv\u00edc\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed, v\u0161imnete si kulturn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f v jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve \u0160pan\u011blsku lid\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed slovo \u201egracias\u201c v neform\u00e1ln\u00edch situac\u00edch m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto ne\u017e v latinskoamerick\u00fdch zem\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>V Mexiku a dal\u0161\u00edch latinskoamerick\u00fdch zem\u00edch jsou projevy vd\u011b\u010dnosti \u010dasto propracovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed kulturn\u00ed hodnoty zdvo\u0159ilosti a v\u0159elosti.<\/p>\n<p>V Argentin\u011b m\u016f\u017eete v neform\u00e1ln\u00edch situac\u00edch sly\u0161et \u201e<strong>che, gracias<\/strong>\u201c, zat\u00edmco \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 mezi p\u0159\u00e1teli \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u201e<strong>gracias, t\u00edo<\/strong>\u201c (d\u00edky, k\u00e1mo). Tyto region\u00e1ln\u00ed nuance dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed fr\u00e1zi osobitost.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kulturn\u00ed pozn\u00e1mky<\/strong>: \u0160pan\u011blsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed lid\u00e9 \u010dasto doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed \u201egracias\u201c v\u0159el\u00fdmi gesty \u2013 polo\u017een\u00edm ruky na rameno, polibkem na tv\u00e1\u0159 nebo v\u0159el\u00fdm \u00fasm\u011bvem. M\u00edra v\u0159elosti \u010dasto odpov\u00edd\u00e1 obecn\u00e9mu komunika\u010dn\u00edmu stylu dan\u00e9 kultury: expresivn\u00ed, v\u0159el\u00fd a zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na vztahy.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jak_rict_dekuji_v_nemcine\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\">Jak \u0159\u00edct d\u011bkuji v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b<\/span>?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>N\u011bmeck\u00e1 pov\u011bst p\u0159esnosti se projevuje i v projevech vd\u011b\u010dnosti. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u201edanke\u201c (DAN-ke) je p\u0159\u00edmo\u010dar\u00e9, ale n\u011bm\u010dina nab\u00edz\u00ed jemnou hierarchii vd\u011b\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdrazy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Danke<\/strong>\u201c (DAN-ke) \u2013 \u201eD\u00edky\u201c (neform\u00e1ln\u00ed, b\u011b\u017en\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Danke sch\u00f6n<\/strong>\u201c (DAN-ke \u0161un) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c (o n\u011bco zdvo\u0159ilej\u0161\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Danke sehr<\/strong>\u201c (DAN-ke z\u00e9r) \u2013 \u201eMoc d\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Vielen Dank<\/strong>\u201c (F\u00cd-len dank) \u2013 \u201eVelice d\u011bkuji\u201c \/ \u201eMockr\u00e1t d\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Herzlichen Dank<\/strong>\u201c (HERC-li-chen dank) \u2013 \u201eSrde\u010dn\u011b d\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdrazy: <\/strong>V form\u00e1ln\u00edch nebo obchodn\u00edch situac\u00edch N\u011bmci \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Ich danke Ihnen<\/strong>\u201c (ich DAN-ke \u00cd-nen) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji v\u00e1m\u201c (form\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Ich danke dir<\/strong>\u201c (ich DAN-ke dir) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji ti\u201c (neform\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Region\u00e1ln\u00ed variace:<\/strong> N\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00ed regiony maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti. V ji\u017en\u00edm N\u011bmecku, \u0160v\u00fdcarsku a Rakousku m\u016f\u017eete zaslechnout v\u00fdraz \u201e<strong>Vergelt&#8217;s Gott<\/strong>\u201c (fer-GELTS got), kter\u00fd doslovn\u011b znamen\u00e1 \u201eA\u0165 Ti to B\u016fh oplat\u00ed\u201c \u2013 tradi\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdraz, kter\u00fd se st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, zejm\u00e9na star\u0161\u00ed generac\u00ed. Ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku maj\u00ed \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 dialekty sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed varianty, i kdy\u017e standardn\u00ed n\u011bm\u010dina je \u0161iroce srozumiteln\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kulturn\u00ed hledisko: <\/strong>N\u011bmci obvykle oce\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmost a up\u0159\u00edmnost. Jednoduch\u00e9 \u201edanke\u201c vysloven\u00e9 s up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fdm o\u010dn\u00edm kontaktem je \u010dasto v\u00edce cen\u011bno ne\u017e p\u0159ehnan\u011b v\u0159el\u00e9 pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed. V situac\u00edch, kdy jde o poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb, N\u011bmci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u201edanke\u201c m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto ne\u017e Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 \u201ethank you\u201c, ale kdy\u017e u\u017e ho pou\u017eij\u00ed, m\u00e1 to v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1hu. P\u0159ehnan\u00e9 d\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kontextech dokonce p\u016fsobit neup\u0159\u00edmn\u011b nebo zbyte\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jak_se_rekne_italsky_dekuji_%E2%80%9EGrazie%E2%80%9C\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\">Jak se \u0159ekne italsky d\u011bkuji <\/span>: \u201eGrazie\u201c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ital\u0161tina, jazyk um\u011bn\u00ed, hudby a v\u00e1\u0161n\u011b, vyjad\u0159uje vd\u011b\u010dnost melodick\u00fdm slovem \u201egrazie\u201c (GRA-si-je). Samotn\u00e9 slovo jako by zp\u00edvalo a dokonale tak ladilo s expresivn\u00ed kulturou It\u00e1lie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Grazie<\/strong>\u201c (GRA-si-je) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c (univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed, funguje v\u0161ude)<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Grazie mille<\/strong>\u201c (GRA-si-je MIL-le) \u2013 Doslova \u201etis\u00edckr\u00e1t d\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Mille grazie<\/strong>\u201c (MIL-le GRA-si-je) \u2013 stejn\u00fd v\u00fdznam, obr\u00e1cen\u00e9 po\u0159ad\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Grazie tante<\/strong>\u201c (GRA-si-je TAN-te) \u2013 \u201eMoc d\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Grazie infinite<\/strong>\u201c (GRA-si-je in-fi-NI-te) \u2013 \u201eNekone\u010dn\u00e9 d\u00edky\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Molte grazie<\/strong>\u201c (MOL-te GRA-si-je) \u2013 \u201eMnohokr\u00e1t d\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Ti ringrazio<\/strong>\u201c (ti rin-GRA-si-o) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji v\u00e1m\u201c (neform\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>La ringrazio\u201c<\/strong> (la rin-GRA-si-o) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji v\u00e1m\u201c (form\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdraz:<\/strong> Italov\u00e9 jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u00fdm expresivn\u00edm stylem komunikace a vd\u011b\u010dnost nen\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eGrazie\u201c je \u010dasto doprov\u00e1zeno \u017eiv\u00fdmi gesty rukou \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad rukou na srdci, d\u016frazn\u00fdm m\u00e1vnut\u00edm rukou nebo klasick\u00fdm italsk\u00fdm gestem, kdy se prsty sev\u0159ou do p\u011bsti a pohybuj\u00ed se nahoru a dol\u016f. T\u00f3n hlasu a v\u00fdraz obli\u010deje maj\u00ed stejn\u00fd v\u00fdznam jako samotn\u00e1 slova.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jak_se_rekne_recky_dekuji_%E2%80%9E%CE%95%CF%85%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8E%E2%80%9C_Efcharisto\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\">Jak se \u0159ekne \u0159ecky d\u011bkuji: <\/span>\u201e\u0395\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u201c (Efcharist\u00f3)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0158e\u010dtina pat\u0159\u00ed pro mluv\u010d\u00ed angli\u010dtiny k jazyk\u016fm s n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdslovnost\u00ed, ale nau\u010dit se \u0159ecky slovo \u201e\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u201c (ef-ka-ri-STO) stoj\u00ed za tu n\u00e1mahu, zejm\u00e9na vzhledem k proslul\u00e9 \u0159eck\u00e9 pohostinnosti.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u016fvodce v\u00fdslovnost\u00ed: <\/strong>Slovo \u201e\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u201c se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>\u201eEf\u201c jako F, \u201echa\u201c jako m\u011bkk\u00e1 hrdeln\u00ed hl\u00e1ska (podobn\u00e1 \u201ech\u201c ve skotsk\u00e9m \u201eloch\u201c), \u201er\u00ed\u201c a d\u016fraz na \u201eSTO\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Nebojte se, pokud se v\u00e1m hned nepoda\u0159\u00ed vyslovit hrdeln\u00ed zvuk \u201ech\u201c \u2013 \u0158ekov\u00e9 ocen\u00ed va\u0161i snahu a pochop\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161 pokus.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Varianty:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201e<strong>\u0395\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce<\/strong>\u201c (ef-cha-r\u00ed-STO) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>\u0395\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd<\/strong>\u201c (ef-cha-r\u00ed-STO po-l\u00ed) \u2013 \u201eMoc d\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>\u03a3\u2019\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce<\/strong>\u201c (sef-cha-r\u00ed-STO) \u2013 zkr\u00e1cen\u00e1, neform\u00e1ln\u00ed verze<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>\u0395\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u201c<\/strong> (ef-cha-r\u00ed-STO pa-ra po-l\u00ed) \u2013 \u201eStra\u0161n\u011b moc d\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kulturn\u00ed kontext: <\/strong>\u0158eck\u00e1 pohostinnost, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako \u201efiloxenia\u201c (doslova \u201ep\u0159\u00edtel cizince\u201c), je hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bna v kultu\u0159e. \u0158ekov\u00e9 jsou hrd\u00ed na svou \u0161t\u011bdrost a v\u0159elost v\u016f\u010di host\u016fm. Kdy\u017e v\u00e1m n\u011bkdo v \u0158ecku nab\u00eddne pohostinnost \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e jde o j\u00eddlo, radu nebo pomoc \u2013 va\u0161e \u201eefcharist\u00f3\u201c \u0159ecky vyjad\u0159uje vd\u011b\u010dnost nejen za samotn\u00fd \u010din, ale i za kulturn\u00ed hodnotu, kterou v\u00e1m t\u00edm prok\u00e1zal.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dekuji_v_holandstine_%E2%80%9EDank_je%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%9EDank_u%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>D\u011bkuji v holand\u0161tin\u011b: \u201eDank je\u201d \/ \u201eDank u\u201d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Holand\u0161tina, kterou se mluv\u00ed v Nizozemsku a \u010d\u00e1stech Belgie (Flandry), m\u00e1 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed mezi neform\u00e1ln\u00edmi a form\u00e1ln\u00edmi vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edmi vd\u011b\u010dnosti \u2013 rozli\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je v holandsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Neform\u00e1ln\u00ed (pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se s p\u0159\u00e1teli, rodinou, d\u011btmi, vrstevn\u00edky):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Dank je<\/strong>\u201c \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Dank je wel<\/strong>\u201c \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji moc\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Bedankt<\/strong>\u201c \u2013 \u201eD\u00edky\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Hartstikke bedankt<\/strong>\u201c \u2013 \u201eFakt moc d\u00edky\u201c (velmi neform\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed (pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se s ciz\u00edmi lidmi, star\u0161\u00edmi osobami, v profesion\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Dank u<\/strong>\u201c \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Dank u wel<\/strong>\u201c \u2013 \u201eVelice d\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Hartelijk dank<\/strong>\u201c \u2013 \u201eSrde\u010dn\u011b d\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Rozd\u00edl mezi Je\/U: <\/strong>Holand\u0161tina jasn\u011b rozli\u0161uje mezi \u201eje\u201c (neform\u00e1ln\u00ed ty) a \u201eu\u201c (form\u00e1ln\u00ed ty). Pokud si nejste jisti, zejm\u00e9na u star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed nebo v profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch situac\u00edch, pou\u017eijte \u201edank u\u201c. Holan\u010fan\u00e9 v\u00e1s \u010dasto vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed, abyste pou\u017e\u00edvali neform\u00e1ln\u00ed formu, pokud se c\u00edt\u00ed pohodln\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kulturn\u00ed pozn\u00e1mky: <\/strong>Nizozemci jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed svou p\u0159\u00edmo\u010darost\u00ed a prakti\u010dnost\u00ed. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b situac\u00ed sta\u010d\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9 \u201edank je\u201c nebo \u201edank u\u201c. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9 zdoben\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit neup\u0159\u00edmn\u011b. Nizozemci oce\u0148uj\u00ed stru\u010dnost a up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fd projev v\u00edce ne\u017e kv\u011btnat\u00fd jazyk.<\/p>\n<p>V Nizozemsku je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 d\u011bkovat obsluhuj\u00edc\u00edmu person\u00e1lu, pokladn\u00edk\u016fm a \u0159idi\u010d\u016fm \u2013 kultura si cen\u00ed zdvo\u0159ilosti, ani\u017e by byla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 form\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo p\u0159ehnan\u011b v\u0159el\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vl\u00e1msk\u00e9 varianty<\/strong>: Ve Flandrech (nizozemsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Belgie) usly\u0161\u00edte stejn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed fr\u00e1ze, i kdy\u017e v\u00fdslovnost a n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy se mohou m\u00edrn\u011b li\u0161it. Belgi\u010dan\u00e9 mohou vedle nizozemsk\u00fdch v\u00fdraz\u016f b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat \u201emerci\u201c (p\u0159evzat\u00e9 z francouz\u0161tiny), co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u00edcejazy\u010dn\u00fd charakter Belgie.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dekuji_ve_slovinstine_%E2%80%9EHvala%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\">D\u011bkuji ve slovin\u0161tin\u011b<\/span>: \u201eHvala\u201d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Slovin\u0161tina, kterou mluv\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2,5 milionu lid\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve Slovinsku, nab\u00edz\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u011b jednoduch\u00fd v\u00fdraz vd\u011b\u010dnosti: \u201ehvala\u201c (HVA-la).<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201eHvala\u201c \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201eHvala lepa\u201c \u2013 \u201eMoc d\u011bkuji\u201c (doslova \u201ekr\u00e1sn\u00e9 d\u00edky\u201c)<\/li>\n<li>\u201eNajlep\u0161a hvala\u201c \u2013 \u201eNejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u00edky\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kulturn\u00ed kontext: <\/strong>Slovinci jsou obecn\u011b srde\u010dn\u00ed, ale zdr\u017eenliv\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v\u016f\u010di ciz\u00edm lidem. Zdvo\u0159il\u00e9 \u201ehvala\u201c s k\u00fdvnut\u00edm hlavy nebo \u00fasm\u011bvem je standardem p\u0159i komunikaci v r\u00e1mci slu\u017eeb. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed slova \u201elepa\u201c (kr\u00e1sn\u00e9) dod\u00e1v\u00e1 srde\u010dnost a up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e9 ocen\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 pou\u017eijte ho, kdy\u017e v\u00e1m n\u011bkdo vy\u0161el vst\u0159\u00edc a pomohl v\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/c2fe9f51-6941-4772-856c-bc4cf9b5afa7.jpeg\" alt=\"Mlad\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk se zdvo\u0159ile ukl\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i pozdravu star\u0161\u00edho mu\u017ee r\u00e1no u vchodu do obchodu.\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dekuji_v_asijskych_jazycich\"><\/span>D\u011bkuji v asijsk\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 jazykov\u00e1 krajina Asie nab\u00edz\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jazyk\u016f sv\u011bta, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 slo\u017eit\u00fd syst\u00e9m zdvo\u0159ilosti a kulturn\u00edch nuanc\u00ed zakotven\u00fdch ve vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edch vd\u011b\u010dnosti. Porozum\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bmto jemn\u00fdm nuanc\u00edm je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro respektuj\u00edc\u00ed komunikaci.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dekuji_v_japonstine_%E2%80%9E%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A8%E3%81%86%E2%80%9D_Arigatou\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\">D\u011bkuji v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/span>: \u201e\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u201d (Arigatou)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Japon\u0161tina m\u00e1 jeden z nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnosti, kter\u00fd je \u00fazce spjat se soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hierarchi\u00ed a \u00farovn\u00ed form\u00e1lnosti. Slovo, kter\u00e9 zvol\u00edte, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na vztahu mezi v\u00e1mi a osobou, kter\u00e9 d\u011bkujete.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdrazy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201e\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u201d (a-r\u00ed-GA-to) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c (nejz\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a neform\u00e1ln\u00ed forma, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 s p\u0159\u00e1teli a rodinou)<\/li>\n<li>\u201e\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059\u201d (ah-r\u00ed-GA-to go-za-\u00ed-MAS) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c (standardn\u00ed, zdvo\u0159il\u00e1 forma vhodn\u00e1 pro v\u011bt\u0161inu situac\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b restaurace, obchod\u016f nebo rozhovor\u016f s ciz\u00edmi lidmi)<\/li>\n<li>\u201e\u3069\u3046\u3082\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059\u201d (DO-mo a-r\u00ed-GA-to go-za-\u00ed-MAS) \u2013 \u201eMoc d\u011bkuji\u201c (velmi zdvo\u0159il\u00fd a form\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsob vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnosti)<\/li>\n<li>\u201e\u3069\u3046\u3082\u201d (DO-mo) \u2013 \u201eD\u00edky\u201c (velmi neform\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>\u201e\u5fc3\u304b\u3089\u611f\u8b1d\u3057\u307e\u3059\u201d (kokoro kara kan\u0161a \u0161imasu) \u2013 \u201eUp\u0159\u00edmn\u011b v\u00e1m d\u011bkuji z cel\u00e9ho srdce\u201c (pro d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 situace)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Doslovn\u00fd p\u0159eklad slova \u201earigato\u201c poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze star\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdrazu \u201earigatashi\u201c, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 \u201eobt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 b\u00fdt\u201c. V\u00fdraz se vyvinul jako vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnosti za vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 a obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b dosa\u017eiteln\u00e9 v\u011bci v \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Minul\u00fd \u010das (pro pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkomu po ud\u00e1losti):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201e\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u201d (a-r\u00ed-GA-to go-za-\u00ed-ma-\u0160TA)\u2013 zdvo\u0159il\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das (\u201ed\u011bkuji\u201c p\u0159i pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkomu po ud\u00e1losti)<\/li>\n<li>\u201e\u3069\u3046\u3082\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u201d (DO-mo a-r\u00ed-GA-to go-za-\u00ed-ma-\u0160TA) \u2013 \u201eMoc d\u011bkuji (zes\u00edlen\u00e1 verze v minul\u00e9m \u010dase)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00daloha v\u00fdrazu \u201eSumimasen\u201c<\/strong>: Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee japon\u0161t\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00fdraz \u201e\u3059\u307f\u307e\u305b\u3093\u201c (su-m\u00ed-ma-SEN), kter\u00fd doslovn\u011b znamen\u00e1 \u201epromi\u0148te\u201c nebo \u201eomlouv\u00e1m se\u201c, k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnosti. To odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed kulturn\u00ed koncept, \u017ee p\u0159ijet\u00ed pomoci vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed malou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e nebo dluh, a vyjad\u0159uje jak vd\u011b\u010dnost, tak m\u00edrnou omluvu za zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etiketa \u00faklony<\/strong>: V japonsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e je vd\u011b\u010dnost vyj\u00e1d\u0159ena stejn\u011b fyzicky jako verb\u00e1ln\u011b. Hloubka a d\u00e9lka \u00faklony by m\u011bla odpov\u00eddat form\u00e1lnosti situace.p<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kulturn\u00ed kontext: <\/strong>Japonsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost klade velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnosti. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hierarchii a kontextu, v\u010detn\u011b v\u011bku a vztahu. Vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnosti v japonsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fasil\u00ed a udr\u017euje soci\u00e1ln\u00ed harmonii, kter\u00e1 je \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem t\u00e9to kultury. Pou\u017eit\u00ed nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b form\u00e1lnosti m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit nezdvo\u0159ile nebo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 famili\u00e1rn\u011b. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pochybnost\u00ed pou\u017eijte \u201earigatou gozaimasu\u201c \u2013 je to vhodn\u00e9 pro t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny situace s lidmi, kter\u00e9 dob\u0159e nezn\u00e1te. Neform\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201earigatou\u201c si schovejte pro bl\u00edzk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tele a rodinu. \u201eArigato\u201c lze zform\u00e1lnit pou\u017eit\u00edm \u201earigato gozaimasu\u201c, zejm\u00e9na v form\u00e1ln\u00edch kontextech.<\/p>\n<p>B\u011b\u017enou fr\u00e1z\u00ed na pracovi\u0161ti je \u201e\u304a\u75b2\u308c\u69d8\u3067\u3057\u305f\u201c (otsukaresama de\u0161ita), kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k ocen\u011bn\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed spolupracovn\u00edka po dokon\u010den\u00ed projektu nebo na konci pracovn\u00edho dne.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jak_se_rekne_cinsky_dekuji_%E2%80%9E%E8%B0%A2%E8%B0%A2%E2%80%9D_Xiexie\"><\/span>Jak se \u0159ekne \u010d\u00ednsky d\u011bkuji: \u201e\u8c22\u8c22\u201d (Xi\u00e8xie)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>V mandar\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00edn\u0161tin\u011b, kterou mluv\u00ed p\u0159es miliarda lid\u00ed, se vd\u011b\u010dnost vyjad\u0159uje slovem \u201e\u8c22\u8c22\u201c (sie-sie), ale pro spr\u00e1vnou v\u00fdslovnost je nezbytn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1dnout t\u00f3ny.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00f3nov\u00e1 v\u00fdslovnost:<\/strong> \u010c\u00edn\u0161tina je t\u00f3nov\u00fd jazyk, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fd\u0161ka t\u00f3nu m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdznam slova. \u201e\u8c22\u8c22\u201c pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u010dtvrt\u00fd t\u00f3n (klesaj\u00edc\u00ed t\u00f3n) pro oba znaky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Xi\u00e8\u201c \u2013 Za\u010dn\u011bte vysoko a prudce klesn\u011bte (jako kdy\u017e \u0159eknete \u201ejo!\u201c ve frustraci)<\/li>\n<li>\u201exi\u00e8\u201c \u2013 Opakujte stejn\u00fd klesaj\u00edc\u00ed t\u00f3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u0159edstavte si to jako \u201esie-SIE\u201c s prudk\u00fdm poklesem t\u00f3nu v ka\u017ed\u00e9 slabice.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201e\u8c22\u8c22\u201d (sie-sie) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201e\u8c22\u8c22\u4f60\u201d (sie-sie n\u00edn) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c (osobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, osloven\u00ed n\u011bkoho p\u0159\u00edmo)<\/li>\n<li>\u201e\u591a\u8c22\u201d(dwor-sie) \u2013 \u201e\u201eMnohokr\u00e1t d\u011bkuji\u201c nebo \u201eD\u011bkuji v\u00e1m moc\u201c<\/li>\n<li>\u201e\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u8c22\u201d (fei-\u010dang gan-sie) \u2013 \u201eMoc d\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kulturn\u00ed pozn\u00e1mky: <\/strong>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 kultura tradi\u010dn\u011b nekladla d\u016fraz na verb\u00e1ln\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnosti mezi bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi a p\u0159\u00e1teli \u2013 \u010diny byly d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e slova.<\/p>\n<p>Modern\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, zejm\u00e9na v m\u011bstsk\u00fdch oblastech a u mlad\u0161\u00edch generac\u00ed, v\u0161ak za\u010dala v ka\u017edodenn\u00ed komunikaci \u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvat slovo \u201exi\u00e8xie\u201c. P\u0159esto m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zdvo\u0159il\u00e9 d\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi \u010dleny rodiny vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako podivn\u00e9 nebo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 form\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dekuji_v_indonestine_%E2%80%9ETerima_kasih%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>D\u011bkuji v indon\u00e9\u0161tin\u011b: \u201eTerima kasih\u201d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Indon\u00e9\u0161tina (Bahasa Indonesia) je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako jeden z nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edch asijsk\u00fdch jazyk\u016f, kter\u00fd se d\u00e1 snadno nau\u010dit, proto\u017ee nem\u00e1 t\u00f3ny, rody ani slo\u017eit\u00e9 konjugace.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdraz:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Terima kasih\u201d<\/strong> \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tento v\u00fdraz se doslovn\u011b skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze slov \u201eterima\u201c (p\u0159ijmout) a \u201ekasih\u201c (l\u00e1ska\/n\u00e1klonnost), co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u00fd v\u00fdznam: \u201ep\u0159ijmout l\u00e1sku\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Varianty:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u201eTerima kasih banyak\u201d <\/strong>\u2013 \u201eMoc d\u011bkuji\u201c<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u201eMakasih\u201d <\/strong>\u2013 \u201eD\u00edky (neform\u00e1ln\u00ed, zkr\u00e1cen\u00e1 forma, velmi b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 v \u0159e\u010di)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u201eMakasih banyak\u201d<\/strong> \u2013 \u201eD\u00edky moc\u201c (neform\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>\u201e<strong>Terima kasih kembali\u201d<\/strong> \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji tak\u00e9\u201c (nem\u00e1\u0161 za\u010d)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kulturn\u00ed kontext: <\/strong>Indon\u00e9sk\u00e1 a malajsk\u00e1 kultura kladou d\u016fraz na harmonii, respekt a spole\u010denstv\u00ed. \u0158\u00edkat \u201eterima kasih\u201c je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 a oce\u0148ovan\u00e9 ve v\u0161ech interakc\u00edch \u2013 od pouli\u010dn\u00edch prodejc\u016f a\u017e po form\u00e1ln\u00ed obchodn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Indon\u00e9san\u00e9 jsou obecn\u011b v\u0159el\u00ed a pohostinn\u00ed a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed \u0159\u00edkat \u201eterima kasih\u201c, se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed s up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fdm ocen\u011bn\u00edm a \u010dasto i \u0161irok\u00fdm \u00fasm\u011bvem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Malaj\u0161tina<\/strong>: Tato fr\u00e1ze je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 identick\u00e1 v malaj\u0161tin\u011b (Bahasa Melayu), tak\u017ee je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 jak v Indon\u00e9sii, tak v Malajsii. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed Malajci mohou pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zd\u016frazn\u011bn\u00ed \u0159\u00edkat \u201eterima kasih banyak-banyak\u201c (s dvojit\u00fdm opakov\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9 je v malaj\u0161tin\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e9).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dekuji_v_turectine_%E2%80%9ETesekkur_ederim%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>D\u011bkuji v ture\u010dtin\u011b: \u201eTe\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim\u201d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ture\u010dtina nab\u00edz\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00edm angli\u010dtiny zaj\u00edmavou jazykovou strukturu. Form\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak pod\u011bkovat \u2013 \u201ete\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim\u201c (te-\u0161ek-K\u00daR e-de-R\u00cdM) \u2013 doslovn\u011b znamen\u00e1 \u201ed\u011bkuji\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rozbor v\u00fdslovnosti:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201eTe\u015fekk\u00fcr\u201c (te-\u0161e-K\u00daR) \u2013 \u201ed\u011bkuji\u201c (podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no)<\/li>\n<li>\u201eederim\u201c (e-de-R\u00cdM) \u2013 \u201eano\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u00edsmeno \u201e\u015f\u201c se vyslovuje jako \u201e\u0161\u201c a p\u00edsmeno \u201e\u00fc\u201c se vyslovuje jako n\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u00fc nebo francouzsk\u00e9 u (na\u0161pulte rty, jako byste cht\u011bli \u0159\u00edct \u201eoo\u201c, ale \u0159ekn\u011bte \u201e\u00ed\u201c).<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u201eTe\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim\u201c<\/strong> \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c (form\u00e1ln\u00ed, \u00fapln\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u201eTe\u015fekk\u00fcrler\u201c <\/strong>(te-\u0161ek-K\u00daR-ler) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c (m\u00edrn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b form\u00e1ln\u00ed, mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u201eSa\u011f ol\u201c<\/strong> (sah-OL) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c (neform\u00e1ln\u00ed, neform\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u201e\u00c7ok te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim\u201c<\/strong> (\u010dok te-\u0161ek-K\u00daR e-de-R\u00cdM) \u2013 \u201eMoc d\u011bkuji.\u201c<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u201e\u00c7ok sa\u011fol\u201c<\/strong> (\u010dok sa-OL) \u2013 \u201eMoc d\u011bkuji\u201c (neform\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kulturn\u00ed nuance:<\/strong> Tureck\u00e1 kultura klade velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na pohostinnost a \u0161t\u011bdrost. Pojem \u201e<strong>misafirperverlik<\/strong>\u201c (pohostinnost) znamen\u00e1, \u017ee hostitel\u00e9 se \u010dasto sna\u017e\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 hosty ud\u011blat maximum. Kdy\u017e v\u00e1m n\u011bkdo projev\u00ed tureckou pohostinnost \u2013 nab\u00eddne \u010daj, j\u00eddlo nebo pomoc \u2013 up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e9 \u201e\u00e7ok te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim\u201c uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam jeho gesta.<\/p>\n<p>Turci mohou zpo\u010d\u00e1tku odm\u00edtnout pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed slovy \u201e<strong>Bir \u015fey de\u011fil<\/strong>\u201c (b\u00edr \u0161ei de-\u00edL \u2013 \u201eTo nic nen\u00ed\u201c) nebo \u201eEsta\u011ffurullah\u201c (es-ta-fur-\u00fa-la \u2013 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd v\u00fdraz, kter\u00fd zhruba znamen\u00e1 \u201eB\u016fh chra\u0148 [abyste mi d\u011bkovali]\u201c). Jedn\u00e1 se o kulturn\u00ed projev skromnosti; va\u0161e pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed je i tak v\u00edt\u00e1no.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/79a8a382-085e-43bd-bfdc-3a0d595c021b.jpeg\" alt=\"Dva mu\u017ei pop\u00edjej\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1poj b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho setk\u00e1n\u00ed v interi\u00e9ru.\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Blizky_vychod\"><\/span>Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod se vyzna\u010duje neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou jazykovou rozmanitost\u00ed, s jazyky zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edmi r\u016fzn\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 rodiny, p\u00edsma a kulturn\u00ed tradice. Poj\u010fme prozkoumat slovn\u00edk pro vd\u011b\u010dnost v jednom z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jazyk\u016f tohoto regionu.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dekuji_v_arabstine_%E2%80%9E%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B%E2%80%9D_Shukran\"><\/span>D\u011bkuji v arab\u0161tin\u011b: \u201e\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b\u201d (Shukran)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Arab\u0161tina, kterou mluv\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 400 milion\u016f lid\u00ed na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b a v severn\u00ed Africe, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdraz pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed slovo \u201e\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b\u201c (\u0160\u00daK-ran).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdrazy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201e\u0634\u0643<strong>&#8222;\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b&#8220; <\/strong>(\u0160\u00daK-ran) \u2013 &#8222;D\u011bkuji&#8220;<\/li>\n<li><strong>&#8222;\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b&#8220; <\/strong>(\u0160\u00daK-ran ja-Z\u00cd-lan) \u2013 \u201eMoc d\u011bkuji.\u201c<\/li>\n<li><strong>&#8222;\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0643\u0631&#8220; <\/strong>(alf \u0160\u00daK-r) \u2013 \u201eTis\u00edcer\u00e9 d\u00edky\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Form\u00e1lne v\u00fdrazy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>&#8222;\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0643&#8220;<\/strong> (A\u0160-k\u00fa-r\u00fak) \u2013 \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c (neform\u00e1ln\u00ed osloven\u00ed pro mu\u017ee)<\/li>\n<li><strong>&#8222;\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0643&#8220;<\/strong> (a\u0161-K\u00da-rick) \u2013 &#8222;D\u011bkuji (neform\u00e1ln\u00ed osloven\u00ed pro \u017eeny)<\/li>\n<li><strong>&#8222;\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0643\u0645&#8220; <\/strong>(a\u0161-k\u00fa-R\u00da-k\u00fam) \u2013 &#8222;D\u011bkuji (mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo nebo form\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kulturn\u00ed kontext:<\/strong> Arabsk\u00e1 kultura je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 svou pohostinnost\u00ed \u2013 nab\u00eddnout host\u016fm \u010daj, k\u00e1vu a j\u00eddlo nen\u00ed jen zdvo\u0159ilost, ale hlubok\u00e1 kulturn\u00ed povinnost. Kdy\u017e v\u00e1m n\u011bkdo prok\u00e1\u017ee pohostinnost, vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm vd\u011b\u010dnosti uzn\u00e1te tuto d\u016fle\u017eitou kulturn\u00ed hodnotu.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho Arab\u016f nejprve odm\u00edtne va\u0161e pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed slovy \u201e\u0639\u0641\u0648\u0627\u064b\u201c (AF-wan \u2013 \u201enem\u00e1te za\u010d\u201c nebo doslova \u201epromi\u0148te\u201c) nebo \u201e\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648\u201c (al-AF-wo), nebo dokonce trv\u00e1 na tom, \u017ee \u201e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u201c (WAH-\u017eib \u2013 \u201eje to moje povinnost\u201c). To odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed kulturn\u00ed skromnost, ale va\u0161e pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed je i tak v\u00edtan\u00e9 a vhodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/861a602a-7c56-4c99-aa07-669efdcd5c23.jpeg\" alt=\"Osoba stoj\u00edc\u00ed uprost\u0159ed rozmanit\u00e9 skupiny lid\u00ed a zdvo\u0159ile gestikuluj\u00edc\u00ed rukou.\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dekuji_ve_znakove_reci\"><\/span><span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\">D\u011bkuji ve znakov\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee miliony lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b komunikuj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed znakov\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di \u2013 bohat\u00e9ho vizu\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdrazov\u00e9ho prost\u0159edku s vlastn\u00ed gramatikou, syntax\u00ed a kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem. Nau\u010dit se,<span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\"> jak pod\u011bkovat v znakov\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di<\/span>, nen\u00ed jen u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9, ale je to tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd krok k inkluzivit\u011b a porozum\u011bn\u00ed kultu\u0159e nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Americk\u00fd znakov\u00fd jazyk (ASL): Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed forma<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech Kanady je americk\u00fd znakov\u00fd jazyk hlavn\u00edm znakov\u00fdm jazykem pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm komunitou nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch. Znak pro \u201ed\u011bkuji\u201c v ASL je elegantn\u00ed a intuitivn\u00ed, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed jeden z nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edch znak\u016f k nau\u010den\u00ed a zapamatov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Jak pod\u011bkovat v americk\u00e9m znakov\u00e9m jazyce (ASL):<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Za\u010dn\u011bte s dominantn\u00ed rukou v rovn\u00e9 poloze, prsty u sebe, \u0161pi\u010dkami prst\u016f se dot\u00fdkejte brady nebo rt\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Pohybujte rukou dop\u0159edu a m\u00edrn\u011b dol\u016f v jemn\u00e9m oblouku, sm\u011brem od obli\u010deje.<\/li>\n<li>Dlan\u011b by m\u011bly sm\u011b\u0159ovat nahoru nebo k osob\u011b, kter\u00e9 d\u011bkujete, kdy\u017e dokon\u010dujete pohyb.<\/li>\n<li>Gesto doprov\u00e1zejte \u00fasm\u011bvem a vhodn\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem obli\u010deje \u2013 v\u00fdrazy obli\u010deje jsou v ASL gramaticky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Pohyb p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 polibek nebo vysl\u00e1n\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnosti z \u00fast sm\u011brem k p\u0159\u00edjemci, co\u017e ho \u010din\u00ed zapamatovateln\u00fdm a symbolicky v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm. P\u0159edstavte si to jako vd\u011b\u010dnost vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z va\u0161eho srdce a rt\u016f, kterou nab\u00edz\u00edte n\u011bkomu jin\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Varianty a d\u016fraz<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/jazyky\/\">mluven\u00fd jazyk<\/a> m\u016f\u017ee i znakov\u00fd jazyk vyjad\u0159ovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b d\u016frazu. Chcete-li v ASL znakovat \u201ed\u011bkuji moc\u201c, m\u016f\u017eete prov\u00e9st stejn\u00fd pohyb, ale ob\u011bma rukama.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed znakov\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed a akce vznikla pidginov\u00e1 znakov\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d naz\u00fdvan\u00e1<strong> mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed znakov\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d (IS &#8211; International Sign).<\/strong> A\u010dkoli nejde o pln\u011b vyvinut\u00fd jazyk jako ASL nebo BSL, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed znakov\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d umo\u017e\u0148uje nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edm lidem z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed komunikovat. Znak pro \u201ed\u011bkuji\u201c v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed znakov\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di je \u010dasto podobn\u00fd verzi v ASL, ale znakuj\u00edc\u00ed mohou znak p\u0159izp\u016fsobit podle pozad\u00ed sv\u00e9ho partnera v konverzaci.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Um\u011bn\u00ed pod\u011bkovat v znakov\u00e9m jazyce se hod\u00ed v mnoha ka\u017edodenn\u00edch situac\u00edch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edm zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm, koleg\u016fm nebo z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm<\/li>\n<li>Komunikace v hlu\u010dn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 sly\u0161et mluven\u00e9 slovo<\/li>\n<li>Projev inkluzivity a respektu k nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed kultu\u0159e<\/li>\n<li>Nau\u010den\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed vizu\u00e1ln\u00edmu zp\u016fsobu vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnosti<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159eklenut\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00edch bari\u00e9r p\u0159i cestov\u00e1n\u00ed do zahrani\u010d\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nau\u010den\u00ed se tohoto jednoduch\u00e9ho znaku je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm krokem k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupnosti a inkluzi. Nau\u010dit se ho trv\u00e1 jen chvilku, ale m\u016f\u017ee vytvo\u0159it siln\u00e9 pouto s \u010dleny nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed komunity, kte\u0159\u00ed ocen\u00ed va\u0161i snahu komunikovat v jejich jazyce.<\/p>\n<p>Jak se budeme d\u00e1le zab\u00fdvat mluven\u00fdmi jazyky, m\u011bjte na pam\u011bti, \u017ee pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed v znakov\u00e9m jazyce p\u0159edstavuje cel\u00fd jazykov\u00fd a kulturn\u00ed sv\u011bt, kter\u00fd si zaslou\u017e\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u011b jako mluven\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnosti, kter\u00fdm se budeme zab\u00fdvat d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/98004f0f-7922-439a-be66-5ffdc627598f.jpeg\" alt=\"Rozmanit\u00e1 skupina lid\u00ed s n\u00e1pisy \u201eD\u011bkujeme\u201c v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch a s \u00fasm\u011bvem na tv\u00e1\u0159i\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rychly_prehled_Podekovani_v_ruznych_jazycich\"><\/span>Rychl\u00fd p\u0159ehled: Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Zde je p\u0159ehledn\u00e1 tabulka shrnuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echny jazyky, kter\u00e9 jsme v tomto pr\u016fvodci pokryli. P\u0159idejte si tuto sekci do z\u00e1lo\u017eek, abyste ji m\u011bli po ruce, kdy\u017e budete pot\u0159ebovat vyj\u00e1d\u0159it vd\u011b\u010dnost v r\u016fzn\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<table style=\"min-width: 100px;\">\n<colgroup>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\" \/>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\" \/>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\" \/>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Jazyk<\/strong><\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>D\u011bkuji<\/strong><\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>V\u00fdslovnost<\/strong><\/th>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>D\u016frazn\u00e1 verze<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Americk\u00fd znakov\u00fd jazyk<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">[Ruka ploch\u00e1 od brady, pohyb vp\u0159ed]<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed gesto<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u0160ir\u0161\u00ed, d\u016frazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pohyb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Gracias<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">GRA-s\u00ed-as<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Much\u00edsimas gracias<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>N\u011bm\u010dina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Danke<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">DAN-ke<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Vielen Dank \/ Herzlichen Dank<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Ital\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Grazie<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">GRA-ci-e<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Grazie mille<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>\u0158e\u010dtina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u0395\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce (Efcharist\u00f3)<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">ef-cha-r\u00ed-STO<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u0395\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Holand\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Dank je \/ Dank u<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">DANK je \/ DANK u<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Hartelijk dank<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Slovin\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Hvala<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">HVA-la<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Hvala lepa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Ture\u010dtina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">te-\u0161ek-K\u00daR e-de-R\u00cdM<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u00c7ok te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Portugal\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Obrigado\/Obrigada<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">o-bri-GA-d\u00f3\/d\u00e1<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Muito obrigado\/a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Japon\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046 (Arigatou)<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">a-r\u00ed-GA-to<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u3069\u3046\u3082\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>\u010c\u00edn\u0161tina (mandar\u00edn\u0161tina)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u8c22\u8c22 (Xi\u00e8xie)<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">sie-sie<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u8c22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Indon\u00e9\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Terima kasih<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">te-R\u00cd-ma KA-si<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Terima kasih banyak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Arab\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b (Shukran)<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u0160\u00daK-ran<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Hebrej\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u05ea\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 (Toda)<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">to-DA<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u05ea\u05d5\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e8\u05d1\u05d4 (Toda raba)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Svahil\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Asante<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">a-SAN-te<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Asante sana<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Afrik\u00e1n\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Dankie<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">DAN-k\u00ed<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Baie dankie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dalsi_bezne_jazyky\"><\/span>Dal\u0161\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 jazyky:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table style=\"min-width: 75px;\">\n<colgroup>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\" \/>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\" \/>\n<col style=\"min-width: 25px;\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Jazyk<\/strong><\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>D\u011bkuji<\/strong><\/th>\n<th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>V\u00fdslovnost<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Francouz\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Merci \/ Merci beaucoup<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">mer-S\u00cd \/ mer-S\u00cd bo-K\u00da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Ru\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0431\u043e (Spasibo)<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">spa-S\u00cd-ba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Korej\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\uac10\uc0ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4 (Gamsahamnida)<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">gam-sa-HAM-n\u00ed-da<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Tagalog<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Salamat \/ Salamat po<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">sa-LA-mat \/ sa-LA-mat poh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>kanton\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u5514\u8a72 (m\u0300h g\u014di) \/ \u591a\u8b1d (d\u00f2jeh)<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">mm-GOY \/ DOR-jeh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Hind\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u0927\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0926 (Dhanyavaad) (formal)<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">dan-ja-VAD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Irsk\u00e1 gael\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Go raibh maith agat<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">gu rev ma a-gut<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Pol\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Dzi\u0119kuj\u0119<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">dzien-ku-je<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>\u0160v\u011bd\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Tack<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">tak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Norve\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Takk<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">tak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>D\u00e1n\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Tak<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">tak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Fin\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Kiitos<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">K\u00e9-tos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Thaj\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13 (Khop khun)<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">kawp-K\u00daN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Vientam\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">C\u1ea3m \u01a1n (informal)<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">kam-un<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Rumun\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">Mul\u021bumesc<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">m\u00fal-c\u00fa-MESK<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><strong>Ma\u010far\u0161tina<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">K\u00f6sz\u00f6n\u00f6m<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">KE-se-nem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>Pozn\u00e1mka: V indick\u00e9 kultu\u0159e se vd\u011b\u010dnost \u010dast\u011bji vyjad\u0159uje v\u016f\u010di ciz\u00edm lidem ne\u017e v\u016f\u010di p\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm a rodin\u011b.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zaver\"><\/span>Z\u00e1v\u011br<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nau\u010dit se, <span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\">jak pod\u011bkovat v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch<\/span>, je mnohem v\u00edc ne\u017e jen zapamatovat si slova \u2013 jde o budov\u00e1n\u00ed most\u016f mezi kulturami a projevov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00facty k neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 rozmanitosti na\u0161eho sv\u011bta. A\u0165 u\u017e vyjad\u0159ujete vd\u011b\u010dnost jednoduch\u00fdm \u201egracias\u201c ve \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 kav\u00e1rn\u011b, znakujete \u201ed\u011bkuji\u201c nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edmu kolegovi nebo pe\u010dliv\u011b vyslovujete \u201eefcharist\u00f3\u201c \u0159eck\u00e9mu obchodn\u00edkovi, ka\u017ed\u00e1 fr\u00e1ze nese v\u00e1hu kulturn\u00ed historie a lidsk\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto pr\u016fvodci jsme prozkoumali <span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\">d\u011bkuji v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch<\/span> nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d kontinenty, od t\u00f3nov\u00fdch slo\u017eitost\u00ed mandar\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00edn\u0161tiny po rozd\u00edly v rodov\u00e9m ozna\u010den\u00ed v portugal\u0161tin\u011b, od \u00farovn\u00ed form\u00e1lnosti v japon\u0161tin\u011b po v\u0159elou jednoduchost indon\u00e9\u0161tiny. Vid\u011bli jsme, jak<span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\"> pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed v mnoha jazyc\u00edch <\/span>odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nejen p\u0159eklad, ale i kulturn\u00ed hodnoty \u2013 n\u011bmeckou p\u0159\u00edmo\u010darost, italskou expresivitu, tureckou pohostinnost a japonsk\u00fd hierarchick\u00fd respekt.<\/p>\n<p>Kr\u00e1sa u\u010den\u00ed se <span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\">zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak pod\u011bkovat v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch<\/span>, spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee je to okam\u017eit\u011b praktick\u00e9. Na rozd\u00edl od slo\u017eit\u00e9 gramatiky nebo rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby lze tyto jednoduch\u00e9 fr\u00e1ze pou\u017e\u00edt hned a vytvo\u0159it tak okam\u017eit\u00e9 momenty spojen\u00ed, a\u0165 jste kdekoli. Up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e9 \u201eterima kasih\u201c v Jakart\u011b, vd\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 \u201eshukran\u201c v K\u00e1hi\u0159e nebo uctiv\u00e9 \u201earigatou gozaimasu\u201c v Tokiu mohou prom\u011bnit transakci ve smysluplnou v\u00fdm\u011bnu.<\/p>\n<p>Pamatujte, \u017ee dokonal\u00e1 v\u00fdslovnost nen\u00ed c\u00edlem \u2013 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je snaha a up\u0159\u00edmnost. Rodil\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed ocen\u00ed, kdy\u017e se n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci a studenti pokou\u0161ej\u00ed mluvit pros\u00edm jejich jazykem, i kdy\u017e ne dokonale. Va\u0161e ochota se sna\u017eit vypov\u00edd\u00e1 o va\u0161em respektu k jejich kultu\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0165 u\u017e se vyd\u00e1v\u00e1te do sv\u011bta \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e cestujete do zahrani\u010d\u00ed, pracujete v multikulturn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed nebo se prost\u011b jen st\u00fdk\u00e1te s r\u016fznorod\u00fdmi komunitami ve sv\u00e9m okol\u00ed \u2013 m\u011bjte tyto v\u00fdrazy v\u017edy po ruce. Pou\u017eijte tento seznam<span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\"> \u201ed\u011bkuji v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch\u201c <\/span>jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod, procvi\u010dujte v\u00fdslovnost a nebojte se d\u011blat chyby. Ka\u017ed\u00fd pokus je krokem k lep\u0161\u00edmu kulturn\u00edmu porozum\u011bn\u00ed a lidsk\u00fdm vztah\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>Vd\u011b\u010dnost je univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale zp\u016fsoby, jak\u00fdmi ji vyjad\u0159ujeme, jsou kr\u00e1sn\u011b rozmanit\u00e9. T\u00edm, \u017ee se nau\u010d\u00edte, <span style=\"background-color: var(--blue-10); color: inherit;\" data-color=\"var(--blue-10)\">jak \u0159\u00edct d\u011bkuji v jin\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch,<\/span> nejen\u017ee roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edte sv\u016fj jazykov\u00fd reperto\u00e1r, ale tak\u00e9 se otev\u0159ete bohat\u0161\u00edm a smyslupln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm interakc\u00edm s lidmi ze v\u0161ech kout\u016f na\u0161eho multilingvn\u00edho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n<p>Tak do toho: zkuste \u201ehvala lepa\u201c ve Slovinsku, procvi\u010dte si \u201edank u wel\u201c v Amsterdamu nebo zdokonalte sv\u00e9 gesto \u201ed\u011bkuji\u201c v americk\u00e9m znakov\u00e9m jazyce. Sv\u011bt \u010dek\u00e1, a\u017e usly\u0161\u00ed va\u0161e pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e se rozhodnete vyj\u00e1d\u0159it ho v jak\u00e9mkoli jazyce.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u011bkuji \u2014 gracias \u2014 danke \u2014 grazie \u2014 merci \u2014 arigatou \u2014 xi\u00e8xie \u2014 terima kasih \u2014 shukran \u2014 toda \u2014 asante \u2014 efcharist\u00f3 \u2014 obrigado \u2014 hvala \u2014 te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim \u2014 \u017ee jste se s n\u00e1mi vydal\/a na tuto jazykovou cestu!<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Je na tom n\u011bco magick\u00e9ho, kdy\u017e vyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed\u0161 vd\u011b\u010dnost v rodn\u00e9m jazyce druh\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto m\u016f\u017ee dnes znalost toho, jak \u0159\u00edct \u201ed\u011bkuji\u201c, prom\u011bnit oby\u010dejnou v\u00fdm\u011bnu slov v smyslupln\u00fd okam\u017eik lidsk\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed. \u201eD\u011bkuji\u201c je \u010dasto jednou z prvn\u00edch fr\u00e1z\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se cestovatel\u00e9 u\u010d\u00ed \u2013 a to z dobr\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu. Je kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, v\u0161eobecn\u011b oce\u0148ovan\u00e1 a neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b siln\u00e1. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":17272,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[143],"class_list":["post-17279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jazyky","tag-m-lew"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17279","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17279"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17279\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17330,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17279\/revisions\/17330"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17279"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17279"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.cz\/clanky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17279"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}